WHY LAUGHING AT Workplace IS BEST idea, WHY EVEN WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM SUPPORTS FOR AND HOW IT INCREASES productivity

There are always two ways to do your work , either you do it in stress or by enjoying it with laughter. The later one is an approach I use and recommend to all the workers. When you love your work and know how exactly it should be done , being in that makes you stress free but when you are conscious about that work constantly being overstressed and then doing it, it surrounds you with a circle of negative vibes which can make a workplace totally hell for everyone,but when you laugh together forming bonds,it increases productivity, performance and passion towards your work, you don’t get tired of being over worked rather you want to do it more.All of this being said, you might be thinking it’s just my opinion and it’s not for real. So, get along with me laughing and let me unveil all the scientific researches, case studies and proved studies for the same…… maintain that smile all through my article, you gonna love it…….

How laughter makes you a better worker

So what is laughter? In the past two decades, probably the most work to understand this has been done by American neuroscientist Robert Provine, a professor of psychology at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. He reminds us that laughter is akin to our animal call sign, saying in his 2001 book Laughter: A Scientific Investigation: “Laughter is the quintessential human social signal. Laughter is about relationships.”

We are 30 times more likely to laugh when we are with other people than when we’re alone

Cheerful people laughing in office and having a short break , bonding

Laughter is a subconscious signal that we’re in a state of relaxation and safety, says professor Sophie Scott from University College London. For instance, many mammals exhibit laughter-type reactions – but that they can be stopped by certain emotional states.

In other words, if a group is laughing together, then it suggests that our protective guard is down.

This matters because there’s research to suggest that when our brains are relaxed, we more easily achieve free idea association, which can lead to creativity.

Flashes of inspiration

John Kounios at Drexel University and Mark Beeman from Northwestern University wanted to see whether laughter could help people solve tricky logic puzzles.

They showed subjects Robin Williams delivering comedy zingers in a stand-up routine and then asked them test questions. They were interested to see whether laughter would facilitate more flashes of inspiration in the superior anterior temporal gyrus (a part of the brain just above your right ear which is associated with connecting distantly-connected ideas).

The Neuroscience of Laughter, and How to Inspire More of It at Work

The neuroscience of laughter

Laughing swaps the cortisol in our bloodstream with highly sought after chemicals in the brain: dopamine, oxytocin and endorphins. Dopamine can enhance learning, motivation, and attention.

Oxytocin is considered the “empathy hormone” and the “bonding chemical,” and when it enters the bloodstream it creates feelings of relatedness. Endorphins trigger feelings of pleasure; people can endure 15% more pain simply by laughing for a few minutes beforehand. Other health benefits: improved immune functioning, stress relief, improved cardiovascular health, reduced anxiety, sense of safety, and improved mood.

Laughter also works as a reappraisal technique, reducing the limbic response associated with “fight-or-flight” reactions. In other words, when feeling stressed the physiological act of laughter can decrease heart rate and blood pressure and relax muscle tension. Just a moment of laughter allows us to think more clearly and creatively and raises relatedness with our colleagues.

Laughter in the Workplace

Studies have shown laughter can decrease stress hormones in the blood, as well as increase our “feel-good” chemicals, endorphins. It could even have a positive effect on the immune system. Via an article from World Economic Forum.

And in addition to any potential health benefits of laughter in the workplace, it also plays an underrated role in strengthening workplace bonds.

  • By your mid-20s you’ve started laughing a lot less than you used to.
  • Laughter helps people bond, promotes inclusiveness and fosters creativity.
  • You don’t have to be a comedian; just being open to laughter in the workplace is enough.

The health benefits

Several studies suggest that laughter may improve certain aspects of physical or mental health.

Scientists used to think laughter was a unique human behavior, perhaps even one of the things that separate humans from nonhuman animals. However, research now proves this is not true. A 2021 study found that laughter occurs in at least 65 nonhuman animal species.

Some evidence suggests laughter may improve mental health.

For example, in a 2018 systematic review of group-based laughter yoga that included six prior studies, researchers found that laughter yoga improved depression symptoms over the short term in two studies. The study’s authors say that laughter yoga is a potentially helpful intervention, but there is not yet enough evidence to prove that it works.

A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis also cautions there is insufficient current evidence to support laughter therapies, but it found preliminary evidence that laughter may improve mental health. The analysis also found some evidence that laughter could improve depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Additionally, the researchers reported that induced, simulated laughter was more effective than spontaneous, humorous laughter.

Lead With Laughter: How Humor Can Positively Transform A Work Environment

The reality is humor gives our brains a break — a break from worrying about what’s next. It’s also the closest connection between two people. When you’re laughing, you aren’t worrying or focusing on what may or may not happen. You are in the moment, and that mental moment helps you feel refreshed.

Researchers have learned that humor can help people recover from stressful situations. While there is no lack of stressful or political situations at work, there is a lack of solutions to stress.

CONCLUSION

In my experience, people fear humor in the workplace because of the common belief that if you’re laughing, you aren’t learning or working and you are not serious for your work. That’s just not true. You can laugh and learn, and maybe even learn more because people are open. It’s a balance of focusing on what needs to be done and encouraging fun.

So, laugh your heart out , it’s good for your beautiful heart❤️

– by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

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ME V/S ME : BIPOLAR DISORDER

Pic Courtesy: Lil gaz album poster

We all have seen ,ups and downs in life and we have reacted to those situations in requisite way.If we are happy we laugh,If we are sad we cry too.All of this , is part of our life ,basic emotions and it is very important to show true emotions of us. This sounds fine but what if we have an elevated mood in a particular situation and then a drop down of emotions just after that elevation of mood ,which is uncontrollable too. Lots of people are struggling with this ,in which they are failing to deliver their emotions right and it’s okay to be in learning of that process and overcoming those emotional battles but what if ,it becomes a constant thing and it’s always highs and lows then comes this disorder ,what we call as ,”Bipolar Disorder”, Be with me ,to identify this emotional journey of emotions which battles inside you, We will conquer it for sure…….

What to know about bipolar disorder

A person with bipolar disorder will experience changes in mood, energy, and activity levels that can make day-to-day living difficult.

Bipolar disorder can cause severe disruption to a person’s life, but the impact varies between individuals. With appropriate treatment and support, many people with this condition live a full and productive life.

According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), bipolar disorder affects over 10 million people in the United States or around 2.8% of the population.

Statistics show about 1 in 150 persons or 0.3 per cent of Indians live with bipolar disorder with 70 per cent of the remaining untreated.

This is as per India’s National Mental Health Survey 2016. An alarming situation if left unchecked, bipolar disorder is often mixed up with schizophrenia (a different disease).

On average, a person will receive a diagnosis around the age of 25 years, but symptoms can appear during the teenage years or later in life. It affects males and females equally.

What is bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes changes in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function. People with bipolar disorder experience intense emotional states that typically occur during distinct periods of days to weeks, called mood episodes. These mood episodes are categorized as manic/hypomanic (abnormally happy or irritable mood) or depressive (sad mood). People with bipolar disorder generally have periods of neutral mood as well. When treated, people with bipolar disorder can lead full and productive lives.

People without bipolar disorder experience mood fluctuations as well. However, these mood changes typically last hours rather than days. Also, these changes are not usually accompanied by the extreme degree of behavior change or difficulty with daily routines and social interactions that people with bipolar disorder demonstrate during mood episodes. Bipolar disorder can disrupt a person’s relationships with loved ones and cause difficulty in working or going to school.

Bipolar disorder is a category that includes three different diagnoses: bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder.

Bipolar disorder commonly runs in families: 80 to 90 percent of individuals with bipolar disorder have a relative with bipolar disorder or depression. Environmental factors such as stress, sleep disruption, and drugs and alcohol may trigger mood episodes in vulnerable people. Though the specific causes of bipolar disorder within the brain are unclear, an imbalance of brain chemicals is believed to lead to dysregulated brain activity. The average age of onset is 25 years old.

People with bipolar I disorder frequently have other mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The risk of suicide is significantly higher among people with bipolar I disorder than among the general population.

Bipolar I Disorder

Bipolar I disorder is diagnosed when a person experiences a manic episode. During a manic episode, people with bipolar I disorder experience an extreme increase in energy and may feel on top of the world or uncomfortably irritable in mood. Some people with bipolar I disorder also experience depressive or hypomanic episodes, and most people with bipolar I disorder also have periods of neutral mood.

Symptoms of Bipolar I Disorder
Manic Episode

Manic Episode

A manic episode is a period of at least one week when a person is extremely high-spirited or irritable most of the day for most days, possesses more energy than usual, and experiences at least three of the following changes in behavior:

  • Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feeling energetic despite significantly less sleep than usual
  • Increased or faster speech
  • Uncontrollable racing thoughts or quickly changing ideas or topics when speaking
  • Distractibility
  • Increased activity (e.g., restlessness, working on several projects at once)
  • Increased risky behavior (e.g., reckless driving, spending sprees)

These behaviors must represent a change from the person’s usual behavior and be clear to friends and family. Symptoms must be severe enough to cause dysfunction in work, family, or social activities and responsibilities. Symptoms of a manic episode commonly require a person to receive hospital care to stay safe.

Some people experiencing manic episodes also experience disorganized thinking, false beliefs, and/or hallucinations, known as psychotic features.

Hypomanic Episode

A hypomanic episode is characterized by less severe manic symptoms that need to last only four days in a row rather than a week. Hypomanic symptoms do not lead to the major problems in daily functioning that manic symptoms commonly cause.

Major Depressive Episode

A major depressive episode is a period of at least two weeks in which a person has at least five of the following symptoms (including at least one of the first two symptoms):

  • Intense sadness or despair
  • Loss of interest in activities the person once enjoyed
  • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  • Fatigue
  • Increased or decreased sleep
  • Increased or decreased appetite
  • Restlessness (e.g., pacing) or slowed speech or movement
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Frequent thoughts of death or suicide

Bipolar II Disorder

A diagnosis of bipolar II disorder requires someone to have at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode (see above). People return to their usual functioning between episodes. People with bipolar II disorder often first seek treatment as a result of their first depressive episode, since hypomanic episodes often feel pleasurable and can even increase performance at work or school.

People with bipolar II disorder frequently have other mental illnesses such as an anxiety disorder or substance use disorder, the latter of which can exacerbate symptoms of depression or hypomania.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder involving many “mood swings,” with hypomania and depressive symptoms that occur frequently. People with cyclothymia experience emotional ups and downs but with less severe symptoms than bipolar I or II disorder.

Cyclothymic disorder symptoms include the following:

  • For at least two years, many periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms, but the symptoms do not meet the criteria for hypomanic or depressive episode.
  • During the two-year period, the symptoms (mood swings) have lasted for at least half the time and have never stopped for more than two months.

Celebrities and Eminent Personalities With Bipolar Disorder


Bebe Rexha :The singer, who was nominated for a Grammy with Florida Georgia Line for “Meant to Be” and co-wrote Eminem’s “The Monster,” opened up about her diagnosis via Twitter. She posted, “I’m bipolar and I’m not ashamed anymore.”

Ernest Hemingway: This Nobel Prize-winning author was prone to manic-depressive behavior throughout his life, a family trait shared by his parents, his son, and his granddaughter Margaux. Despite his larger-than-life personality and novels like A Farewell to Arms and For Whom The Bell Tolls, Hemingway had bouts of depression and paranoia. Obsessed with death, he eventually shot himself in the head in 1961. 
Winston Churchill: As first lord of the admiralty at the start of World War I and British prime minister in World War II, Churchill rallied people with stirring speeches and radio broadcasts to encourage resistance against Germany. However, he battled his own war against depression, suicidal thoughts, and lack of sleep. He called it his “black dog.” Despite his condition, he authored 43 books and earned a Nobel Prize in Literature. He died in 1965 at 90. 

There is no going back, and no one is immune to this disorder.The important thing is you should be inspiring for those who are struggling,if not ,your journey and story goes a long way to people so that they can relate and speak out and not be ashamed of it.It can happen and we can survive this too ,so be vocal about it , don’t suffer remaining silent and alone.They alongwith all of us are with you 💫✊

Treatment

Bipolar disorder symptoms commonly improve with treatment. Medication is the cornerstone of bipolar disorder treatment, though talk therapy (psychotherapy) can help many patients learn about their illness and adhere to medications, preventing future mood episodes.

Medications known as “mood stabilizers” (e.g., lithium) are the most commonly prescribed type of medications for bipolar disorder. These medications are believed to correct imbalanced brain signaling. Because bipolar disorder is a chronic illness in which mood episodes typically recur, ongoing preventive treatment is recommended. Bipolar disorder treatment is individualized; people with bipolar disorder may need to try different medications before finding what works best for them.

In some cases, when medication and psychotherapy have not helped, an effective treatment known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used. ECT involves several rounds of a brief electrical current applied to the scalp while the patient is under anesthesia, leading to a short, controlled seizure. ECT-induced seizures are believed to remodel brain signaling pathways.

Since bipolar disorder can cause serious disruptions in a person’s daily life and create a stressful family situation, family members may also benefit from professional resources, particularly mental health advocacy and support groups. From these sources, families can learn strategies for coping, participating actively in the treatment, and obtaining support

CONCLUSION

It is very difficult to go through this phase in a constant darkness of mixed emotions and to get out of it ,seems impossible. Perhaps, it is not that everyone can feel but at some point of life , everyone has witnessed that wave of emotions which left us alone and shattered,So ,we should be very humble and patient ,those who are facing it and if you and I’m the person going through this ,should also show immense courage to seek for help. If we can get it ,there is always a way to get out , We are always there for you ,in every darkness we will be together and fight those monsters of head ,to conquer ourselves.lots of love and courage, YOU ARE HERO FOR SURVIVING THIS , PROUD OF YOU♥️✊💫

–by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY YOU WANT TO RESIGN FROM YOUR WORK DAILY

It has been a relatable story that we tend to lose our focus at workplace due to enormous pressure and approaching deadline, ultimately we feel like resigning the workplace almost daily. The high-grade stress which we go through make us feel exhausted, and we might feel like giving up everything and so at the edge. We call it,“Burnout Syndrome”. Let’s explore more with me…..Keep aside from workplace and just read the underlying of all time stress at workplace.

Burnout syndrome: Sud­denly it was all too much

Burnout can happen to anyone routinely exposed to high levels of stress, whether work-related or not. It can cause symptoms of exhaustion, depression, and isolation.

What is burnout?

Coined by the psychologist, Herbert Freudenberger in the 1970s, burnout describes a severe stress condition that leads to severe physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion.

Much worse than ordinary fatigue, burnout makes it challenging for people to cope with stress and handle day-to-day responsibilities.

People experiencing burnout often feel like they have nothing left to give and may dread getting out of bed each morning. They may even adopt a pessimistic outlook toward life and feel hopeless.

Burnout doesn’t go away on its own and, if left untreated, it can lead to serious physical and psychological illnesses like depression, heart disease, and diabetes.

Who gets burnout?

Anyone who’s continually exposed to high levels of stress can experience burnout. Helping professionals, such as first responders, doctors, and nurses are especially vulnerable to this health condition.

Along with career-induced burnout, people caring for children can also have this type of extreme exhaustion. A recent study found that, just like doctors and business executives, mothers and fathers can also burn out.

Personality characteristics like needing to be in control, perfectionism, and being “Type A” can also increase your risk of burnout.

What are signs of burnout?

Worried that you may be experiencing burnout but unsure of the signs? We’ve compiled a list of symptoms that you can use as a guide.

  • Exhaustion. Feeling physically and emotionally depleted. Physical symptoms may include headaches, stomachaches, and appetite or sleeping changes.
  • Isolation. People with burnout tend to feel overwhelmed. As a result, they may stop socializing and confiding in friends, family members, and co-workers.
  • Escape fantasies. Dissatisfied with the never-ending demands of their jobs, people with burnout may fantasize about running away or going on a solo-vacation. In extreme cases, they may turn to drugs, alcohol, or food as a way to numb their emotional pain.
  • Irritability. Burnout can cause people to lose their cool with friends, co-workers, and family members more easily. Coping with normal stressors like preparing for a work meeting, driving kids to school, and tending to household tasks also may start to feel insurmountable, especially when things don’t go as planned.
  • Frequent illnesses. Burnout, like other long-term stress, can lower your immune system, making you more susceptible to colds, the flu, and insomnia. Burnout can also lead to mental health concerns like depression and anxiety.

The 12 stages of burnout

Unlike a cold or the flu, burnout doesn’t hit all at once.

Psychologists Herbert Freudenberger and Gail North have outlined the 12 phases of this stress syndrome:

  1. Excessive drive/ambition. Common for people starting a new job or undertaking a novel task, too much ambition can lead to burnout.
  2. Pushing yourself to work harder. Ambition pushes you to work harder.
  3. Neglecting your own needs. You begin to sacrifice self-care like sleep, exercise, and eating well.
  4. Displacement of conflict. Instead of acknowledging that you’re pushing yourself to the max, you blame your boss, the demands of your job, or colleagues for your troubles.
  5. No time for nonwork-related needs. Your values are revised. Work becomes the sole focus at the expense of family, friends, and hobbies, which now seem irrelevant.
  6. Denial. Impatience with those around you mounts. Instead of taking responsibility for your behaviors, you blame others, seeing them as incompetent, lazy, and overbearing.
  7. Withdrawal. You begin to withdraw from family and friends. You lack direction and are cynical. Social invitations to parties, movies, and dinner dates start to feel burdensome instead of enjoyable.
  8. Behavioral changes. Those on the road to burnout may become more aggressive and snap at loved ones for no reason.
  9. Depersonalization. Feeling detached from your life and your ability to control your life.
  10. Inner emptiness or anxiety. Feeling empty or anxious. You may turn to thrill seeking behaviors to cope with this emotion, such as substance use, gambling, or overeating.
  11. Depression. Life loses its meaning and you begin to feel hopeless.
  12. Mental or physical collapse. This can impact your ability to cope. Mental health or medical attention may be necessary.

How to prevent burnout

Stress may be unavoidable, but burnout is preventable. Following these steps may help you thwart stress from getting the best of you:

Exercise

Not only is exercise good for our physical health, but it can also give us an emotional boost.

Stretched for time? You don’t need to spend hours at the gym to reap these benefits. Mini-workouts and short walks are convenient ways to make exercise a daily habit.

Eat a balanced diet

Eating a healthy diet filled with omega-3 fatty acids can be a natural antidepressant. Adding foods rich in omega-3s like flaxseed oil, walnuts, and fish may help give your mood a boost.

Practice good sleep habits

Our bodies need time to rest and reset, which is why healthy sleep habits are essential for our well-being.

According to the National Sleep Foundation, avoiding caffeine before bedtime, establishing a relaxing bedtime ritual, and banning smartphones from the bedroom can help promote sound sleep hygiene.

Ask for help

During stressful times, it’s important to reach out for help. If asking for assistance feels difficult, consider developing a self-care “check-in” with close friends and family members so that you can take care of each other during trying times.

How to help friends or family members

How can you help someone experiencing burnout? While you can’t take away someone’s stress, offering support can help lighten their emotional load.

Listen

Before jumping into “fixing” mode, offer to listen to your friend or family member’s difficulties.

Having someone to talk to can make a world of difference. Often people need someone to witness their stress and suffering, and listening can go a long way.

Validate feelings and concerns

When friends and family members are feeling the effects of burnout, saying It doesn’t sound that bad or I’m sure things will get better — while meant to offer reassurance — can feel invalidating if someone is really feeling low and hopeless.

Instead, offer validation by saying, “You’ve been working so hard, I can understand why you feel depleted.”

Offer specific types of help

Individuals who are burnt out are often too tired to think of ways that others can help them. Instead of asking, “How can I help?” offer to drop off a meal, pick up dry cleaning, or do a load of laundry.

Kind gestures

Sending flowers, a thoughtful text message, or a written card can remind friends and family members that they’re not alone.

Because they’re often working long hours, people with burnout can feel lonely and underappreciated. But small gestures of kindness can be nurturing.

Research resources

If friends or family members need additional support, like childcare, a house cleaner, or a psychotherapist, offer to research and crowdsource for specific resources to help ease the stress.

CONCLUSION

Being human , we have lot of shades of our mood and to manage them is not an easy task but it’s not impossible as well.Be vigilant and cautious of yourself. Grip in all your moods ,be responsible for your behaviour,come out as what you are and how you want to be, it’s always in your hand. Whenever feel like you can’t do it, we are there ,”do visit mental health care professional” for better understanding and coping mechanism. Take Care and Kill the stress before it kills your peace of mind ✊

-by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN LOVE HAPPENS AND CAN YOU CONTROL TO NOT FALL IN LOVE

Most of us have gone through this feeling of love which apparently gives butterflies in stomach,slow motion, imagination, cravings,feelings,songs and much more in that specific period of time.But not most of us know what happens actually,when Love happens psychologically and science behind it.Knowing about it ,will give you a clear picture of love and insights of it and most curious question,Can we control in falling love.So, let’s unveil this with me….. let’s attack on love in a lovely way….

The Psychology of Love

Love has fascinated researchers for decades. So, let’s unlock what it has inside.

Love is a powerful, complex emotional experience that involves changes in your body chemistry, including your neurotransmitters (brain chemicals). It impacts your social relationships in varied ways, affecting how you relate to others around you.

There are many types — like the love you share with your partner, family, and friends — and each version you feel is unique. It can fill you with emotions ranging from joy to heartbreak.

What is love?

Love is an emotion of strong affection, tenderness, or devotion toward a subject or object. When you love a person you experience pleasurable sensations in their presence and are sensitive about their reactions to you.

Research from 2016 points to neuropeptides and neurotransmitters as the source of love. Feelings of love help us form social bonds with others. As social creatures, these natural chemicals developed to help us survive by encouraging:

  • mutual support
  • reproduction
  • cooperation

It seems like so much more, though. Calling love an interaction of brain chemicals doesn’t quite describe how it can warm your heart and captivate your soul.

The psychology of love 

Attachment is a component of love. Strong attachment bonds set mammals apart from many other types of animals, though other groups — including fish and birds — also form strong social connections to help them survive.

A 2017 review describes four types of mammalian attachment bonds as:

  • pair bonds, where individuals form a close, long-term social connection
  • bonds between parents and their infants
  • bonds between peers
  • conspecific bonds, or bonds between individuals of the same species

Most instances of human love fall into one of these categories. For example, the love you feel for a close friend could be classed as a peer bond.

A romantic relationship is a type of pair bond. It can start as mutual attraction and evolve into love over time.When you like someone, you enjoy their companionship and care about their well-being. When you love them, those feelings are unconditional.

Physical effects of love

Love can do more than help you bond with another person. It can even impact your physical health.

Love may affect your immune system. A 2019 study found that falling in love resulted in immune system changes similar to protective viral infection responses.

It might also safeguard against cancer, according to a 2021 study that found tissue from pair-bonded mice was less likely to grow tumors than tissue from mice with disruptions to their pair bonds.

The triangular theory of love

American psychologist Dr. Robert Sternberg theorizes that love is based on three domains:

  • intimacy (emotional)
  • commitment (cognitive)
  • passion (physical)

Each domain represents a triangle corner in Sternberg’s triangular theory of love. The theory accounts for seven different kinds of love, based on which domains are involved. We look at these types of love below.

Types of love

The seven kinds of love in Sternberg’s triangular theory cover a range of relationship types:

  • Liking. You share emotional intimacy, but there’s no physical passion or commitment. Friendship falls under this category.
  • Infatuation. Passion is the key component of infatuation. If you’re physically attracted to another person but haven’t developed emotional intimacy or established a commitment, this is infatuation.
  • Empty. What Sternberg calls “empty love” is a committed relationship that lacks passion or intimacy. Examples include an arranged marriage or a previously emotional or physical relationship that’s lost its spark.
  • Romantic. When you’re romantically involved with another person, you share physical passion and emotional intimacy, but you haven’t made any long-term plans or commitments.
  • Companionate. You are committed and emotionally connected, such as best friends or family. Marriages can also be companionate if the passion is gone, but you still share the commitment and emotional bond.
  • Fatuous. If you’ve been swept up by passion into an engagement or marriage without emotional intimacy, this is fatuous love.
  • Consummate. Consummate love is the goal for many when they envision marriage or a spousal partnership. This kind of love includes commitment, passion, and emotional intimacy.

Can you control whether you fall in love?

You might feel like you have no control over the love you feel, but research says otherwise. Love is like an emotion that you can regulate by generating new feelings or changing the intensity of the feelings you have.

Emotional regulation strategies include:

  • Situation selection: avoiding or seeking situations based on how they make you feel.
  • Distraction: engaging in another activity to reduce the strength of your feelings.
  • Expression suppression: hiding how you feel.
  • Cognitive reappraisal: changing your thoughts so that your feelings can change.

So, if you’re disappointed because the love you feel isn’t reciprocated, you may be able to take your mind off it.

CONCLUSION

Love might be tricky nowadays, but one simple strategy to get who loves you is , Just Match the Words with Actions. It never can happen , those who love you, leave you in your worst, so, those who stick to you when you are at your worst, are your love. The definition of love has never changed and never can be , it’s always “you before me”. If your priorities differ from the person or thing you love then you love your that priority.So, stay with your loved ones no matter what, If this world can go somewhere, LOVE HAS THE POWER TO MAKE EVERYTHING FALL IN PLACE.❤️

-by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY YOU KEEP COLLECTING THINGS ALL THE TIME

It has been a regular thing when we love to collect our favourite books and make our personal library, we fill our wardrobe with our best collection of clothes of latest evolving fashion. It is all normal to do so, but what if collect things to such a level that ,we didn’t even realise ,we have created a mountain of it. Then comes into play our psychological term called ,“Hoarding” and excessive of it causes “Hoarding Disorder”.

What is hoarding disorder?

Hoarding disorder is a condition that makes it difficult for people to throw things away, regardless of their value. There are a range of treatment options available.

Hoarding disorder can have a significant negative emotional, social, financial, and legal impact.

Symptoms

People with hoarding disorder may find it difficult or stressful to throw away items that others view as worthless or of little value.

Unlike collectors — who choose to collect a specific type of item — people with hoarding disorder tend to acquire various items. These may include piles of clothes, old magazines, food wrappers, and childhood trinkets.

Over time, they may run out of room to store these things, so they may have to display their belongings chaotically.

Some people with hoarding disorder might even start to acquire living things, including companion or farm animals. This can endanger both human and animal welfare due to factors such as overcrowding, unhygienic conditions, and a possible lack of veterinary care.

Other symptoms that people with hoarding disorder may experience include:

  • emotional distress, such as being overwhelmed or embarrassed by their possessions or living situation
  • suspicion or fear of other people touching their items
  • obsessive fears and actions, such as checking trashcans for discarded items or a fear of needing an item in the future
  • feeling responsible for objects, and sometimes thinking of inanimate objects as having feelings

People with hoarding disorder also tend to experience associated issues with:

  • indecisiveness
  • disorganization
  • distractibility
  • procrastination

Typically, the symptoms of hoarding disorder will begin during a person’s early teenage years, with the average age of onset being 13 years old.

Complications

Hoarders often live with their collected items at the expense of their own needs. For example, they may forego using their refrigerator because their kitchen space has become blocked with items. Or they may choose to live with a broken appliance or without heat rather than let someone into their home to repair the problem.

People who may be more vulnerable to hoarding include those who:

  • live alone
  • grew up in a disorganized space
  • had a difficult, deprived childhood

HD is also associated with other mental health conditions. Some of these include:

Research indicates that HD may also be associated with a lack of executive functioning ability. Deficiencies in this area include, among other symptoms, an inability to:

  • pay attention
  • make decisions
  • categorize things

Executive functioning deficits are often linked with ADHD in childhood.

How to treat HD

Diagnosis and treatment of HD is possible. However, it may be difficult to persuade a person with HD to recognize the condition. Loved ones or outsiders may recognize signs and symptoms of HD long before the person with the condition comes to terms with it.

Treatment for HD must focus on the individual and not solely on the spaces that have become overrun with clutter. A person must first be receptive to treatment options in order to change their hoarding behavior.

CONCLUSION

Hoarding disorder is a diagnosable condition that requires the help of a medical professional. With professional help and time, a person may be able to move on from their hoarding behaviors and reduce dangerous and tension-inducing clutter in their personal space.

-by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY YOUR SLEEP GIVES YOU CHILLS AND GOOSEBUMPS

We all have gone through those sleeping experiences in which ,while we sleep,we are in a deadly situation and we wanted to scream,shout out loud but we aren’t even able to move.Sometimes we felt that thrust and drop that we are falling down in a deep canyon while we are just sleeping in bed.We also felt those horrifying, sweating shadows we feel nearby us in sleep but what we feel most is FEAR…. all of this ,I’m going to unveil in this blog, So if you are feeling right now that a creepy creature is behind you, Hold on your breath and just go through this article to get the right reason for all your if why,what and how… Let’s dig our Sleep more with me and about “Parasomnia”

Parasomnia

Parasomnias include several different disorders that disrupt sleep or reduce sleep quality. These disorders usually affect children but can also occur in adults.

What are parasomnias?

The term parasomnia refers to unusual and undesirable behaviors that occur during sleep. Parasomnias can happen during any sleep stage. Sleep stages include non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and the transitions between wakefulness and sleeping.

Parasomnias are more common during childhood and become less frequent during adulthood. However, parasomnias affect about 4% of the adult population.

Causes

The following factors may increase the risk of parasomnias:

Types

Parasomnias include a wide range of abnormal behaviors, such as walking or talking during sleep. Parasomnias can occur during any sleep stage.

There are two general sleep phases:

  • NREM sleep, consisting of three different stages
  • REM sleep

The body usually cycles through these sleep stages 4–6 times during the night. Each sleep phase involves different types of brain wave activity and physiological changes.

NREM sleep

NREM sleep, also known as quiescent sleep, has three stages:

Stage 1: This includes the transition from wakefulness to sleep. Brain wave activity begins slowing down during this sleep stage.

Stage 2: This is a period of light sleep in which a person’s heart rate and breathing slow down, their body temperature drops, their muscles relax, and their eye movements stop.

Stage 3: This involves deep, restorative sleep. This sleep phase occurs during the first half of the night.

REM sleep

REM sleep begins about one and a half hours after a person falls asleep. The REM sleep phase involves rapid side-to-side eye movements, increased brain wave activity, and irregular breathing.

NREM parasomnias

Movie recommendation for Parasomnia

Examples of parasomnias that occur in the first sleep phase include:

Sleepwalking

Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism, is an arousal disorder in which a person gets up and walks around while asleep. Sleepwalking can also involve sleep talking or performing routine activities, such as preparing food or driving.

If a person wakes up in the middle of a sleepwalking episode, they may appear confused or disoriented.

Sleep bruxism

Sleep bruxism is a type of movement disorder that involves clenching or grinding the teeth during sleep. About 13% of adults have sleep bruxism.

Over time, bruxism can lead to headaches, earaches, jaw pain, and abnormal tooth wear.

Confusional arousal

Confusional arousal happens when a person wakes up in a state of confusion. The individual may not know where they are or what they are doing. Other symptoms of confusional arousal include:

  • screaming or thrashing around
  • rapid heartbeat
  • abnormally fast breathing
  • dilated pupils
  • sweating
  • speaking slower than usual
  • slower reaction time
  • crying
  • shouting
  • poor memory
  • poor coordination

Confusion arousal occurs in about 17% of children. Episodes can last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours.

Sleep terrors

Sleep, or night, terrors are when a person experiences intense feelings of panic or fear during the first third of the night. Sleep terrors occur most often in children between the ages of 3–7 years old.

Sleep terror symptoms include:

Episodes last between 10–20 minutes. Most children return to sleep afterward and do not remember having a sleep terror.

REM parasomnias

REM parasomnias occur during the last sleep stage, which involves heightened brain activity, muscle paralysis, and increased heart rate and breathing.

REM sleep behavior disorder

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) occurs when a person physically acts out vivid dreams. Under normal circumstances, the body enters a temporary state of paralysis during REM sleep. However, people with RBD have incomplete or absent paralysis.

RBD does not necessarily occur every night, but an exceptionally realistic, violent, or frightening dream can trigger symptoms. Multiple RBD episodes may occur throughout the night with each REM phase.

A person with RBD may exhibit the following symptoms while sleeping:

  • talking, shouting, or screaming
  • kicking, punching, or thrashing
  • waking up easily
  • clearly remembering dreams

Although RBD does not usually affect a person’s sleep, it can increase a person’s risk of injury.

RBD most commonly affects males over the age of 50. RBDs also have associations with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia.

Nightmares

Nightmares are vivid and disturbing dreams that can cause feelings of anxiety, fear, or terror. A person who frequently experiences nightmares or nightmares that significantly affect their sleep may have a nightmare disorder.

Sleep paralysis

The body’s muscles relax as a person falls asleep. During REM sleep, the muscles relax even further and become still. Doctors know this as atonia. Sleep paralysis occurs when muscle atonia happens while a person is still awake.

A person may experience muscle paralysis or the inability to speak while falling asleep or upon waking. A person with sleep paralysis may also experience vivid, waking dreams, or hallucinations, during an episode.

Sleep paralysis episodes last seconds or minutes. Episodes usually resolve spontaneously, but a person can end an episode if they force themselves to move

Other parasomnias

  • Bedwetting or sleep enuresis refers to involuntary urination that happens during sleep. Most children wet the bed occasionally. Controlling bladder function during sleep is one of the final stages of toilet training. Doctors do not consider frequent bedwetting to be a parasomnia unless the child is over 5 years old.
  • Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is a condition in which an individual imagines a loud noise, similar to an explosion, just before they drift off to sleep.
  • Sleep-related hallucinations are unreal visual, auditory, or tactile experiences that occur during the transition between sleeping and waking.

Treatment

Treatments also vary according to the type, frequency, and severity of a person’s symptoms.

In the first instance, a doctor must identify any underlying health conditions or sleep disorders. Treating an existing condition may also treat the resulting parasomnia.

Talk therapy, CBT, and hypnosis may help relieve the symptoms associated with NREM parasomnias.

Tranquilizers, such as benzodiazepines, are useful for treating arousal parasomnias, such as sleepwalking and RBD.

People who live with someone who has a movement-related parasomnia, such as RBD or sleepwalking, may need to sleep in a separate bed. It is also helpful to create a safe environment by removing sharp objects and padding the bedroom furniture.

CONCLUSION

It might gives you chill but it’s all repairable,manageable and can be treated.Stay in contact with your Mental Health Expert and Have a Sound Sleep 😴💤

–by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY SOME PEOPLE EAT SOIL,HAIR,Chalk AND ALL NON EATABLES Abnormally

We all enjoy eating different dishes around the corners.We love eating delicious meals ,be ,it needs how many cheat days we are totally fine with some guilty pleasure.Food is priority any day for me too.But what if I tell you, some people are equally finding some unconventional food like , delicious earth,hairs,wools,nuts, dirt,iron,stones,chalks,paint,soaps etc.They eat such non eatables ,in such a comforting way , like we eat food items. This might be giving you a shock but in psychology,we call it as ,”Pica”. Let’s find out more together, so just be near to your plate full of your favourite food and get insights ……

Everything You Need to Know About Pica

Pica is a condition that mostly affects pregnant people and children. People with the disorder feel compelled to eat non-food items. Sometimes they may consume things that are dangerous, and be unable to stop.

People with the disorder pica compulsively eat items that have no nutritional value. A person with pica might eat relatively harmless items, such as ice. Or they might eat potentially dangerous items, likes flakes of dried paint or pieces of metal.

In the latter case, the disorder can lead to serious consequences, such as lead poisoning.

This disorder occurs most often in children and pregnant women. It’s usually temporary. See your doctor right away if you or your child can’t help but eat nonfood items. Treatment can help you avoid potentially serious side effects.

The word “pica” is Latin for magpie—a bird known for eating almost anything. Therefore, the pica eating disorder causes individuals to consume non-food items.

Featured on TV shows such as My Strange Addiction and The Woman Who Ate a House, pica is an alarming and dangerous disorder. Moreover, pica disorder can result in serious medical conditions, such as anemia, intestinal blockages, and other life-threatening issues.

Most often, pica often manifests in individuals with other mental health conditions. In fact, 10 to 15 percent of people with mental disabilities and developmental issues also have pica.

Furthermore, pregnancy sometimes causes pica cravings.

Pica also occurs in people who have intellectual disabilities. It’s often more severe and long-lasting in people with severe developmental disabilities.

What Is The Pica Eating Disorder?

Pica is an eating disorder that involves eating items that are not considered edible. Moreover, these items do not contain significant nutritional value. (However, eating foods or drinks that have little or no nutritional value is not a symptom of pica.)

A person with pica may experience cravings for any of the following non-food items:

  • Hair
  • Dirt and sand
  • Paint chips
  • Paper
  • Plastic
  • Pencil erasers
  • Soap and laundry starch
  • Cloth
  • String
  • Chalk
  • Metal and wire
  • Pebbles and stones
  • Burnt matches
  • Cigarette butts
  • Coffee grounds
  • Feces, including animal droppings
  • and more…

Pica can affect children, teens, and adults. In children, it affects boys and girls equally. Worldwide, 20 percent of cases involve pregnant women.

Moreover, small children represent 25 to 33 percent of all pica cases. But doctors don’t diagnose pica in children younger than two years old. That’s because attempting to eat non-food items is a normal part of childhood development among infants and babies.

Diagnosing Pica

Once an expert detects pica symptoms, the next step is diagnosis. However, no laboratory tests for pica currently exist. Therefore, healthcare professionals apply the following criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.

Behavior lasts for one month: The individual persistently consumes substances that are not food and do not provide nutritional value for a time period of at least one month.

Ingestion of non-food objects is not part of the person’s culture: Some cultures promote the consumption of non-food substances. For example, among Australian aborigines, young women were traditionally encouraged to eat clay to enhance their fertility. Therefore, this practice is considered normal within that society. In fact, geophagia (deliberate consumption of earth, soil or clay) is common pica among many tribe-oriented societies. However, such behaviors have diminished with increased health education and access to medical care.

Pica is developmentally inappropriate: As stated above, young children tend to put non-food items in their mouth as a normal part of development. Such behavior is a way for children to explore their world and their senses. As a result, they may ingest inedible material. However, this does not mean that they have pica.

What Causes Pica?

Iron-deficiency anemia and malnutrition are two of the most common pica causes. Thus, pica cravings are signs that the body is seeking additional nutrients. In these cases, vitamins, supplements, and a healthy diet can therefore correct pica.

However, when no nutritional deficiency exists, it’s harder to pin down the causes of pica. Often, people with pica also have other mental health disorders, including schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In addition, pica symptoms sometimes increase when an individual is experiencing extreme stress and anxiety.

Many pica eating disorders begin in childhood and relate to childhood experiences. As the person ages, they choose to eat non-food items that are connected to their childhood and their childhood home. Experts theorize that this type of pica may be caused by childhood trauma. Thus, the person strives to find a way back to the childhood that they lost due to their traumatic experiences.

Moreover, experts have found a link between pica and decreased activity of the dopamine system in the brain. Hence, some researchers believe that abnormally low levels of dopamine in the brain can cause pica.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter—a chemical that helps to relay nerve impulses from one cell to another.

Pica and Mental Health Disorders 

Individuals with pica often have mental health disorders that result in impaired functioning. These disorders include developmental disabilities, brain damage, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia. Hence, these co-occurring conditions can make treatment for pica more difficult.

In addition, pica is associated with trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. Furthermore, people with epilepsy may be more likely to have pica.

As a result, up to 26 percent of institutionalized individuals may have pica, according to the National Eating Disorders Association. In addition, as many as one in five children who are admitted to mental health clinics in the United States have pica disorder.

RELATED CASE STUDIES

Treatment for Pica

First, people diagnosed with pica need medical care to correct any nutritional deficits or other physical issues caused by the condition. Moreover, surgery may be necessary to remove metal objects from a patient’s digestive tract or to repair other injuries.

In the best-case scenario, pica symptoms will disappear after the individual receives nutritional treatment. However, sometimes the pica behaviors are not caused by malnutrition and don’t stop after nutritional treatment. Therefore, behavioral interventions are the next step.

This treatment is especially effective with children. Hence, children with pica are taught which foods are edible and which foods cannot be eaten through the use of positive reinforcement.

Moreover, this approach can work well for those with autism spectrum disorder. For example, treatment would include directing the person’s attention away from the desired object. In addition, they would receive a reward for discarding the non-food item.

Fortunately, pica improves by itself in most young children and pregnant women. However, untreated pica can persist for many years, particularly for individuals with developmental disabilities.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, greater awareness is needed around pica eating disorder and its symptoms, causes, and treatment. Hence, more people can be protected from the harmful side effects of this condition, and set off on the path to healing.

-by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY YOU DON’T EAT , THINKING YOU ARE TOO FAT

Everyone wants to be fit , healthy, in shape and free from diseases. Physical fitness is very important in order to be healthy but what if your physical fitness becomes an intense journey towards reaching unrealistic ideal body images in which you start ending your meal, stop eating even food, start yourself starving , Then comes this condition which we call,“Anorexia Nervosa”. Let’s discover with me more about it and ways to cope with this Psychological condition for your own good…..

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia means a loss of appetite or the inability to eat, and it can be a symptom of various diseases. When a person has anorexia nervosa, they intentionally restrict their food as part of a serious and potentially life threatening mental health disorder. This often involves emotional challenges, an unrealistic body image, and an exaggerated fear of gaining weight.

A person with anorexia nervosa will intentionally restrict their food intake as a way to lose weight or avoid gaining weight. A person with anorexia nervosa will often have an intense fear of weight gain, even if they have severely low body weight.

Dietary restrictions can lead to nutritional deficiencies, which can severely affect overall health and result in potentially life threatening complications.

The emotional and psychological challenges of anorexia nervosa can be hard for a person to overcome.Therapy includes counseling, nutritional advice, and medical care. Some people may need treatment in the hospital.There are many myths about eating disorders. These can lead to false assumptions and affect a person’s chances of seeking and getting help.

Anorexia nervosa symptoms

Anorexia nervosa is a complex condition. The main sign is significant weight loss or low body weight. In atypical anorexia nervosa, the person may still have a moderate weight despite substantial weight loss.

A lack of nutrients may lead to other physical signs and symptoms, including:

  • severe loss of muscle mass
  • listlessness, fatigue, or exhaustion
  • low blood pressure
  • lightheadedness or dizziness
  • low body temperature with cold hands and feet or, possibly, hypothermia
  • bloated or upset stomach
  • dry skin
  • swollen hands and feet
  • hair loss
  • loss of menstruation or less frequent periods
  • infertility
  • insomnia
  • loss of bone density, increasing the risk of fractures
  • brittle nails
  • constipation
  • irregular or abnormal heart rhythms
  • lanugo, which is fine downy hair on the body
  • increased facial hair
  • bad breath and tooth decay in people who vomit frequently
  • limiting their overall food intake or the range of foods they consume
  • showing excessive concern with weight, body size, dieting, calories, and food
  • exercising a lot, taking laxatives, or inducing vomiting
  • assessing their body weight and size frequently
  • talking about being “fat” or having overweight
  • denying feeling hungry or avoiding mealtimes
  • developing food rituals, such as eating foods in a specific order
  • cooking for others
  • without eating
  • withdrawing from friends and social interaction
  • showing signs of depression

The person may also demonstrate certain behaviors, such as:

The person may associate food and eating with guilt. They may seem unaware that anything is wrong or be unwilling to recognize their issues around eating.Not everyone with the condition will behave in the same way, and some individuals may experience atypical anorexia nervosa, meaning that they will not have low body weight.

Causes

Concerns about body weight and shape are often features of anorexia nervosa, but they may not be the main cause. Experts do not know exactly why the condition occurs, but genetic, environmental, biological, and other factors may play a role.

For some people, anorexia nervosa also develops as a way of gaining control over an aspect of their life. As the person exerts control over their food intake, this feels like success, and so, the behavior continues.

Risk factors

Several factors can increase a person’s risk for developing anorexia nervosa, including:

  • past criticism about their eating habits, weight, or body shape
  • a history of teasing or bullying, especially about weight or body shape
  • a sense of pressure from society or their profession to be slim
  • low self-esteem
  • anxiety
  • having a personality that tends toward obsession or perfectionism
  • sexual abuse
  • a history of dieting
  • pressure to fit in with cultural norms that are not their own
  • historical trauma, such as racism

Biological and genetic factors

A person may also have a higher of developing an eating disorder if:

  • a close relative has had a similar disorder
  • there is a family history of depression or other mental health issues
  • they have type 1 diabetes

In 2015, researchers found that people with anorexia nervosa may have different gut microbial communities than those without the condition. This could contribute to anxiety, depression, and further weight loss.

Anorexia nervosa vs. bulimia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both eating disorders and sometimes share certain symptoms, such as an intense fear of gaining weight or a distorted body image.However, people with anorexia often restrict food intake, exercise excessively, or adopt extreme diet patterns to lose weight.On the other hand, bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating or eating large amounts of food, followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercising, consuming laxatives, or fasting.

This cycle can also be present in people diagnosed with the binge-eating/purging subtype of anorexia nervosa.However, unlike bulimia, anorexia nervosa is also characterised by the significant restriction of energy intake, leading to significantly low body weight for a person’s age, sex, and overall health

CONCLUSION

With therapy and medication, recovery is possible. Some people tend to relapse even after years of therapy. However, a 2001 study demonstrated a full recovery even after 21 years of chronic severe anorexia nervosa. If the patient follows a nutritious diet it is possible to avoid other illnesses associated with this disorder and protect themselves from irreversible damage. With self-determination and family support, it is possible to avoid relapse and lead a healthy life.

Social Media, Unrealistic ideal body images shown and females getting obsessed with plays a great role in it, So, beware of it , Your body need fitness not starving , eat healthy ,stay healthy.💫

-by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY YOU THINK DIFFERENT PEOPLE ARE INFACT A SINGLE PERSON WHO just CHANGES their Appearance

This above poster is just a glimpse of what we are going to discover in this article.

The above poster is a film ,“Anomalisa” which depicts about the associated psychological condition,“Fregoli Syndrome” which I’m going to unveil in today’s post.

WHAT IS FREGOLI SYNDROME

The Fregoli delusion, or the delusion of doubles, is a rare disorder in which a person holds a delusional belief that different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance or is in disguise. The syndrome may be related to a brain lesionand is often of a paranoid nature; with the delusional person believing themselves persecuted by the person they believe is in disguise.

A person with the Fregoli delusion can also inaccuratelyreplicate places, objects, and events. This disorder can be explained by “associative nodes.” The associative nodes serve as a biological link of information about other people with a particular familiar face (to the patient) This means that for any face that is similar to a recognizable face to the patient, the patient will recall that face as the person they know.

CAUSES


Levodopa treatment: Levodopa, also known as L-DOPA, is the precursor to several catecholamine, specifically of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. It is clinically used to treat Parkinson’s disease and dopamine-responsive dystonia. Clinical studies have shown that the use of levodopa can lead to visual hallucinations and delusions. In most patients, delusions were more salient than hallucinations. Over prolonged use of levodopa, the delusions almost occupy all of a patient’s attention. In experimental studies, when the concentration of levodopa decreases, the number of reported delusions decreases as well. It has been concluded that delusions related to antiparkinsonian medications are one of the leading causes of Fregoli syndrome.

Traumatic brain injury: Injury to the right frontal and left temporo-parietal areas can cause Fregoli syndrome. Research by Feinberg, et al. has shown that significant deficits in executive and memory functions follow shortly after damage in the right frontal or left temporoparietal areas. Tests performed on patients that have suffered from a brain injury revealed that basic attention ability and visuomotor processing speed are typically normal. However, these patients made many errors when they were called to participate in detailed attention tasks. Selective attention tests involving auditory targets were also performed, and brain-injured patients had many errors; this meant that they were deficient in their response regulation and inhibition.

SYMPTOMS

The symptoms of a Fregoli delusion are numerous:

  • Delusions and hallucinatory episodes
  • Lack of visual memory
  • Unable to properly monitor oneself
  • Lack of self awareness
  • Inability to properly control behavior and perform abstract thought
  • A record of seizures
  • Epileptogenic episodes

TREATMENT

Treatments do exist for Fregoli disorder, and mostly utilize the antipsychotic type of drugs as well as antidepressant medication. At one time, tricyclic antidepressants were used, though following the discovery of their negative side effects treatment more often involves trifluperazine and modern antidepressants such as venlafaxine and fluoxetine. In addition to these, an anticonvulsant medication is sometimes prescribed.

CONCLUSION

The study of DMS currently remains controversial they are often coupled with many psychological disorders (i.e. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, etc.). Although there is a plethora of information on DMS, there are still many mysteries of the physiological and anatomical details of DMS. An accurate semi logical analysis of higher visual anomalies and their corresponding topographic sites may help elucidate the etiology of Fregoli’s and other misidentification disorders.

So, When you are going through this , Believe it ,you can get over it and If you are someone who is witnessing that person in hardship.Try with them to be able to get over it , together ,there is no going back from our loved ones.♥️💕

–by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY SOME HUMANS Transforms Themselves INTO WOLVES AND Psychology BEHIND IT

Actor who performed as Wolverine belongs to weasel family and have resemblance of human turning wolf.

As the above picture shows and movies have shown in regular intervals of time ,the development of human into wolves seemingly superheroes. Either be it , Twilight or Vampire Diaries, We all have witnessed Wolf like teeth and seen human turning into wolf. In movies , that has been shown as an imaginary character but what if we see that in real life ,when a person starts thinking like he/she can turn into wolf ,then comes a psychiatric condition and we call it ,”Clinical Lycanthropy” , It might be giving you shock but it is a real psychological disorder. Let’s find more with me about it……

What Is Clinical Lycanthropy?

Clinical lycanthropy may be caused or affected by neuropsychiatric disorders, cultural and social factors, and physical issues. Experts think causes vary from case to case.Its name comes from Greek words meaning “wolf” and “human being.”The concept of humans shape-shifting into wolves exists throughout history in mythology and in different cultures. In recent years, popular movies have shown people transforming into wolves.

Some experts think those with this disorder see wolves as a delusional representation of evil. In some cases, those with this disorder report believing they’re under demonic possession and being punished. But some think wolves are strong and noble.

What Causes Clinical Lycanthropy?

Some experts think it’s caused by delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS). That’s a group of disorders where people don’t recognize familiar objects, or they believe objects are transformed. Other experts say clinical lycanthropy may involve a culture-bound syndrome, which is a mental illness or unusual behaviors shaped by cultural norms or surroundings.

DMS can happen if you have:

  • Drug intoxication and withdrawal
  • Cerebrovascular disease
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Dementia
  • Delirium
  • Seizures

Those who have clinical lycanthropy seem to have other things in common, too. They may have major mental illness such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or psychotic depression. They may take hallucinogenic drugs, drink alcohol, or have epilepsy.

Research suggests it may be triggered by a mismatch in your brain and your self-image.

More studies are needed to understand how other conditons may be linked to clinical lycanthrophy. Some possible ones include:

  • Feelings and sensations that are medically unexplainable (called cenesthopathy), such as thinking there are wires in your mouth or feeling tightening in parts of your body
  • Trouble processing information received through your senses
  • Abnormalities in the right half of your brain
  • Sleep apnea
  • Disrupted circadian rhythms or lunar cycles

What Are the Symptoms of Clinical Lycanthropy?

Signs may include:

  • Claiming to see physical changes in your body when looking in the mirror (like your teeth lengthening, claws, or your hair growing)
  • Making growling or howling noises, or other animal sounds
  • Craving or eating raw meat
  • Walking on all fours

Some people who’ve experienced clinical lycanthropy say they had moments when they recognized they were human but could look back and recall feeling like an animal.

One person reported changing into other animals (not just a wolf) before realizing they were human. In other cases, those with this disorder believe people around them are also being transformed into animals or creatures.

Who’s at Risk for Clinical Lycanthropy?

A recent study looked at 43 cases of clinical lycanthropy and kynanthropy reported between 1852 and 2020. (Kynanthropy is a related condition when people think they can or have become dogs. Clinical lycanthropy and kynanthropy are forms of zoanthropy, which is when a person thinks they’re an animal.)

Researchers say clinical lyncanthropy can happen during a younger person’s first psychiatric episode or in those with chronic psychosis. But not all cases are linked to mental health disorders. Some who’ve experienced it had epilepsy, while others took hallucinogenic drugs or drank alcohol.

In that study, the researchers looked at cases of clinical lycanthropy reported in the U.S., Western Europe, Turkey, Iran, and India. They found It can affect people anywhere in the world. They also found that how you perceive wolves can play a role in whether you develop it.

How’s It Treated?

Clinical lycanthropy is treated on a case-by-case basis. Doctors might give you antidepressants or mood-regulating medications if you also have depression or mania. They might give you antipsychotic medications. Symptoms usually get better or go away over time.

A study linking the disorder with obstructive sleep apnea concluded that doctors should look for underlying neurologic issues in those with lycanthropy symptoms. But more research is needed to know if treating other medical issues can prevent or improve it.

CONCLUSION

Nowadays people live most of the time living with watching movies on the topics which are rare and more of unrealistic but when those situations got a bit reality in a totally different way , they tend to behave irrational about things so, if you think you might have clinical lycanthropy, talk to your doctor or behavioral health professional or Mental Health Expert.

–by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY YOU THINK YOUR FAMILY, FRIENDS AND LOVED ONES AROUND YOU ARE CLONES OR IMPOSTORS

Capgras is a Spanish movie in which Alberto takes psychiatric sessions to help his wife Noelia with her pathology, Capgras syndrome, for which she suffers from a delusion in which she believes her daughter, Carla, has been replaced by an identical impostor. Alberto dives into unconventional therapies to try to help his wife.

If we want to understand something real and quick ,we can watch it or see in practical that’s give easiest and clear insight. So, above is the poster of a Spanish movie which is based on today’s article i.e. “Capgras Syndrome“. So, it has been a regular feeling that you might feel your loved ones has changed due to situations and their changed behaviour but What if , it will take a whole 360° turn and you start thinking that they are not even real instead they are clones and impostors of them. This might give you goosebumps that due to this Syndrome people have murdered their real loved ones thinking, they are impostors. Let’s find out with me , what this rare syndrome is all about……..

What Is Capgras Syndrome?

People who experience Capgras syndrome may have an irrational belief that an imposter has replaced someone they know or recognise.

What is Capgras syndrome?

Capgras syndrome (CS) is a psychological condition also known as the delusion of doubles. It is a misidentification syndrome also known as “imposter syndrome” or “Capgras delusion.”

Sometimes, the person experiencing the delusion may believe an animal, object, or even a home is an imposter. CS can affect anyone, but it’s more common in people assigned female at birth. In rare cases, it can also affect children.

People with this syndrome may, for example, accuse a spouse of being an imposter of their actual spouse. This can be upsetting for both the person experiencing the delusion and the person accused of being an imposter.

Causes of Capgras syndrome

There are several theories on what causes the syndrome.

The syndrome may occur after structural changes in the brain, such as:

CS can be caused by brain or neurological damage. It may also occur due to another condition affecting the brain, particularly those that affect how the brain perceives or processes information or stores and retrieves memories.

It may occur alongside a combination of physical and cognitive changes.

There isn’t a single cause of CS, and since the condition is so rare, there is still more to learn about how it affects the brain.

Brain injury

The brain is a complex organ and traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to changes in brain function. It may affect your mood, balance, and memory, as well as other processes regulated by your brain, such as perceiving what your eyes see or listening and speaking. Some changes can be temporary and others permanent.

When the temporal cortex experiences damage, you can lose the ability to recognize familiar faces visually.

TBI and concussion can lead to CS. This may be due to a disconnect between the temporal cortex and the limbic system, which regulates your emotions.

Prosopagnosia

People can also experience facial blindness, a condition known as prosopagnosia. Some experts suggest that the delusions of Capgas syndrome may occur because those with the condition cannot recognize familiar faces.

However, other researchers disagree that prosopagnosia is a cause of CS, according to a 2019 review of literature. This is mainly because not recognizing a person doesn’t necessarily make one think they are taken over by an imposter.

Neurological conditions

CS may occur with degenerative neurological conditions in which people experience dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia. These conditions can affect memory and can alter the person’s sense of reality.

Other neurological disorders associated with CS can include:

Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders

Example of Delusion

Schizophrenia, especially paranoid hallucinatory schizophrenia, can cause episodes of CS. Schizophrenia can also affect your sense of reality and can cause delusions. The same recent 2019 review also found that of 258 people diagnosed with Capgas syndrome, 32% had also been diagnosed with schizophrenia.

CS can also occur in those with schizoaffective disorders. These are mental health disorders in which a person primarily experiences symptoms of schizophrenia in addition to symptoms of mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder.

The researchers also identified other conditions that co-occurred with CS. These conditions included:

Symptoms

The primary symptom of CS is the delusion that familiar people have been replaced by identical doubles or imposters.

Other symptoms can include being aggressive with the person suspected as the imposter. A minority of people with CS may become violent, and research has shown a connection between CS and homicide.

Depending on the underlying cause, such as a neurological disease or schizophrenia, people with CS may experience other symptoms of the contributing condition.

Risk factors

CS occurs more frequently in people assigned female at birth than in people assigned male at birth.

Having conditions such as paranoid schizophrenia or neurodegenerative disorders can also put you at a higher risk of developing CS.

Treatment

Currently, there is no prescribed treatment plan for people with CS. More research on the syndrome is needed. But treatment options may help relieve symptoms.

But few Therapies and aligned treatment lies:

These treatments may include:

  • medications like cholinesterase inhibitors, which boost neurotransmitters involved in memory and judgment, for dementia and AD
  • antipsychotics and therapy for people with schizophrenia
  • surgery or rehabilitation, if possible, for brain lesions or head trauma

Reality orientation therapy

Reality orientation is a treatment for dementia that involves continuously orienting a person with dementia in the reality of their environment. This includes the time, place, and the people around them. This therapy may help people with dementia better understand their surroundings and feel less anxiety.

For family and caregivers, practitioners recommend that if people undergoing reality orientation therapy express delusions, they should avoid arguing or correcting them. Instead, they suggest bringing the person back to the positive things in their environment to help them stay emotionally connected.

According to a 2017 review, reality orientation can help with cognition and has behavioral benefits for those with dementia.

Behavior therapy

To help people with CS overcome their delusions, mental health therapists may gently discuss the false beliefs while pointing out the evidence in favor of and against them.

In addition, the ABC model in cognitive behavioral therapy is often used to help those affected overcome their delusions. It works by challenging delusional thoughts and beliefs to change how a person responds to them.

Caring for someone with CS can be emotionally demanding, especially if you’re the one they perceive as an imposter. To help someone with CS, here are some strategies to try:

  • Enter their realm of reality when possible. It can help if you try to understand how terrifying it must be.
  • Avoid arguing with them or trying to correct them.
  • Help them feel safe. If you’re unsure what to do, you can ask the person what they need or talk with a healthcare professional.
  • Acknowledge their feelings.
  • If possible, have the “imposter” leave the room. If this is you and you’re the caregiver, let someone else take over until the episode is over.
  • Rely on sound. If you know someone is prone to CS, you can make sure the first way they register your appearance is with sound. Greet them out loud before you see them when possible.

CASE STUDIES

A Cornell University doctoral student from New Zealand who said to have a mental disorder made him think his wife had been replaced by an impostor was convicted of murder for slashing her throat on a park trail in central New York and torching their home to destroy evidence

CONCLUSION

There are lot more psychotic disorders which gives goosebumps and makes us shiver ,how to tackle our people if they got it. Simple strategy is to be aware of the initial symptoms and always take help of mental health expert instead of getting along and getting it delayed , thinking it’s something which can go on their own , timely identification, acknowledgement and then treatment always mandatory. Be strong and Be aware, keep updating your knowledge.🧠

–by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY YOUR LOVED ONES KEEP forgetting THINGS AND REMAINS PUZZLED

As the above poster shows the eyes of an old man who is trying to recollect his memories with all of his emotions overwhelmed.The above poster is from a very worldwide famous movie ,”The Father” which is based on “Dementia”. Today ,when I’m writing this article ,it is a mix of all emotions as ,I have seen closely people struggling through it. There are still lot to discover about it , Let’s find and learn together with me ,how to manage Dementia for our loved ones and why it is our responsibility being a human to be there no matter what it takes with them…..

What is dementia?

Dementia describes various symptoms of cognitive decline, such as forgetfulness. It is a symptom of several underlying conditions and brain disorders.

Dementia is a general term for symptoms affecting memory, communication, and thinking. Although the likelihood of having dementia increases with age, it is not a normal part of aging.

Types and causes of dementia include:

Experts may refer to these as Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias.

Dementia symptoms

Depend on the type a person has, but they typically include:

  • memory problems
  • asking the same question repeatedly
  • difficulty finding or understanding words
  • feeling confused in an unfamiliar environment
  • problems dealing with money and numbers
  • anxiety and withdrawal
  • difficulty planning and carrying out tasks
  • mood changes
  • personality and behavioral changes
  • sleep disturbances
  • changes in social awareness, such as making inappropriate jokes
  • obsessive tendencies

The symptoms tend to become more severe over time. The person may notice some symptoms themselves, but their family members or caregivers may notice others.

Dementia stages

The World Health Organization (WHO) divides dementia into roughly three stages: early, middle, and late. The sections below will look at each of these in more detail.

Early stage

At this stage, it may not seem that a person has dementia. They may:

  • become more forgetful
  • lose track of time
  • feel lost in familiar locations

Middle stage

At this stage, the symptoms become more noticeable and include:

  • forgetting names and recent events
  • feeling lost when at home
  • difficulty communicating
  • behavioral changes
  • repeatedly asking questions
  • needing help with personal care

Late stage

At this stage, a person needs full-time assistance, as the impact of the symptoms typically becomes more severe. The person may:

  • be unaware of where they are
  • be unaware of time
  • have difficulty recognizing loved ones
  • find it hard to walk
  • experience behavioral changes, which may include aggression

Dementia types

There are several types of dementia. They include but are not limited to the following.

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 70–80% of cases. In Alzheimer’s disease, “plaques” and “tangles” develop in and between the brain cells. Both are due to changes in proteins.

A person may have short-term memory problems, difficulty finding words and making decisions, and difficulty seeing things in three dimensions.

Lewy body dementia

Lewy body dementia occurs when unusual structures known as Lewy bodies develop in the brain. These brain changes involve a protein called alpha-synuclein.

In the early stages, there may be fluctuations in alertness, hallucinations, and difficulty judging distance. The impact on short-term memory may be less severe than it is with Alzheimer’s disease.

People with Parkinson’s disease may also have Lewy bodies. Although doctors often consider Parkinson’s disease a disorder of movement, symptoms of dementia can also appear.

Frontotemporal dementia

This condition involves damage to the front and sides of the brain. It happens when brain cells die due to clumps of protein developing inside them.

Depending on the part of the brain the condition affects, the person may have difficulty with behavior, speech and communication, or both.

Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease is an inherited genetic condition. The main symptoms are uncontrolled movements, but dementia can also occur.

Early symptoms may include difficulty focusing, irritability, and impulsivity. Depression may also be present. The person may have difficulty with organizing, multitasking, and planning. These symptoms may appear before movement changes develop.

Mixed dementia

When this happens, a person has a diagnosis of two or three types together. For instance, a person may have both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia at the same time.

Dementia Causes

Some types of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease, result from the progressive death of brain cells and neurons. It develops and worsens over time.

However, dementia can also result from head injuries, stroke, brain tumors, and other causes. A stroke, for example, can stop blood and oxygen from reaching brain cells, resulting in damage and cell death. Receiving a blow to the head can damage brain cells directly.

Some types of traumatic brain injury — particularly if repetitive, which can happen in some sports — may increase the risk of certain types of dementia later in life.

Some other factors and conditions  include:

  • the use of some drugs
  • some infections, such as HIV or neurosyphilis
  • Depression
  • vitamin B12 or E deficiency
  • thyroid problems

Dementia Treatment

There is currently no cure for most types of dementia, as it is not yet possible to reverse brain cell death. However, treatment may help manage symptoms.

Some medications may help reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Three drugs, known as cholinesterase inhibitors, have approval for use in the United States. They are:

  • donepezil (Aricept)
  • galantamine (Reminyl)
  • rivastigmine (Exelon)

Cholinesterase inhibitors can also help manage behavioral symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

Movie Recommendation for Dementia: The Father

A person may also use memantine (Namenda), which is an NMDA receptor antagonist, either alone or with a cholinesterase inhibitor.

If the symptoms result from an injury, medication use, or a vitamin deficiency, it may be possible to prevent further damage.

Preventing Dementia

In most cases, it is not possible to prevent dementia. However, the WHO suggests that the following habits may lower the risk:

  • exercising regularly
  • avoiding smoking
  • limiting alcohol consumption
  • maintaining a moderate weight
  • eating a healthy diet
  • seeking treatment for conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and high blood sugar levels

Wearing protective headgear during contact sports may also lower the risk of sustaining repeated head injuries, which could be a risk factor for dementia.

CONCLUSION

I have seen people discarding their loved ones because they have these difficulties. Especially when we go to old age home ,there are stories which can make our heart wrenching and we can feel ,how inhumane we become. There is something which lies beyond everything that is sense of being home, My home is my loved ones my family and I’m home to them, What if someone throw us out from our home, or we threw our home away , There is nothing lies beyond it.

In these difficult times only being with them ,making them our home ,not just a responsibility but truly being empathetic towards their pain is what we need.

If you are someone with Dementia,then have this perspective for your well being.

We are here because they were there for us , Even so , our responsibility becomes prominent towards them ,still no amount of love can overpass what they did to us. Love them, love your home ,stay in all odds that is where true test lies, LOVE TO THOSE WHO ARE FIXING PUZZLES SITTING WITH THEM, YOU ARE HERO ♥️

–by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY YOU STEAL AND THEN LIE

There are times when we have cheat day in diet and steal food from kitchen and when someone asks we tend to lie on the spot like happens in very popular rhyme ,“Johnny Johnny Yes Papa”. What if happens on regular basis and it is not limited to just food on cheat days rather it becomes a habit of stealing money, precious stuffs,clothes and anything you want or even don’t want and then lie for the same, it is not normal , and we call it ,“Kleptomania”. Let’s discover more about it with me…..

What is a kleptomania?

Kleptomania is a rare mental health disorder that causes people to steal things compulsively. A person with the condition may steal things they have no use for or do not need.

When a person has kleptomania, the temptation to steal can be so strong that it is difficult to resist. Kleptomaniacs often feel an intense thrill from stealing and may experience feelings of guilt or humiliation after committing theft.

Doctors do not know the specific cause of kleptomania but believe it is related to biochemical and neurological abnormalities in the brain.

Kleptomania can lead to serious legal consequences and psychological and emotional distress. Therefore, anyone exhibiting signs of kleptomania must seek health from a qualified medical professional.

Kleptomania at Glance

If someone is living with kleptomania, they have an overwhelming compulsion to steal things, even if they have no use or need for the items. Unlike criminal theft, people with kleptomania often do not need or value the items they steal and may discard or even return the goods.

Although an individual may find the action of stealing thrilling at the time, they are frequently overwhelmed with feelings of shame and guilt. As a result, they may go to great lengths to hide their disorder from friends and family.

Kleptomania is an officially recognized mental health disorder. However, it is rare and occurs in just 0.3%–0.6% of the population.

Kleptomania is a type of impulse control disorder. People with these conditions are unable to resist impulses, temptations, or desires to perform an act that may be harmful to other people.

Other impulse control disorders include:

Impulse control disorders frequently affect males more often than females. However, kleptomania occurs three times more often in females. People living with kleptomania may also have other mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, or substance use disorder.

Causes

Doctors do not know the underlying cause of kleptomania. However, they believe that it results from biochemical and neurological abnormalities in the brain. A person with kleptomania may have an imbalance in the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow communication between different areas of the brain. If they are unbalanced, the brain may not respond to urges as it should.

Stress and trauma are other potential causes of kleptomania. Psychological trauma, particularly at a young age, could trigger the development of kleptomania and other impulse control disorders.

shoplifter in the electronic store supermarket stealing new gadget

Stress contributes to loss of impulse control, and even if it does not directly cause kleptomania, it could worsen the condition.

Genetics may also play a role. If someone has a family member with kleptomania, they have a greater chance of developing the same disorder.

DIAGNOSIS

Treatment and management

There are no specific treatments for kleptomania. Instead, doctors typically use a combination of psychotherapy and medication.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one type of psychotherapy useful for treating kleptomania. CBT helps people to understand and change their thoughts and behaviors.

CBT may involve:

  • learning how to control urges
  • developing healthy coping mechanisms
  • identifying and avoiding triggers
  • managing stress
  • addressing any underlying psychological issues

Doctors may also recommend medication to help someone manage kleptomania. These include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that work by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain.

Some common SSRIs include:

However, there have been cases of SSRIs inducing kleptomania in people with other mental health disorders.

Other medications that doctors may use to treat kleptomania include mood stabilizers and drugs that reduce urges in people with behavioral addictions.

CONCLUSION

If you are someone with kleptomania then acknowledge your condition and ,” STOP STEALING AND LYING” say to yourself seriously ,be alert of your consciousness and after discovering the condition ,take help of mental health expert. There is nothing which can help unless you come forward and accept then try to get away with it seeking help. The next time you try to steal a thing for no reason ,you have a reason to visit us. Take Care Beautiful people 💫

– by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY YOU ARE SUSPICIOUS OF EVERYONE AND ALWAYS DOUBT THEIR INTENTIONS

In today’s world it’s hard to believe or trust anyone completely and no matter what every then and now our trust gets broken by someone.It makes us vulnerable and we tend to trust less but what if you are a person who doubt everyone and everything,you don’t trust anyone,you believe that even your family is bad for you ,your siblings can kill you.This irrational thought process which lacks all proof and devoid any past experience,We call it ,“Paranoia” and these types of personalities are called as “Paranoid Personality” and disorder related to it ,is known as “Paranoid Personality Disorder”. Let’s find out with me more……

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Paranoia is characterized by irrational and excessive feelings of persecution, mistrust, jealousy, threat, or self-importance. When a person is paranoid, they feel completely overwhelmed by their suspicions, despite any evidence that rationalizes these feelings.

For example, they might be afraid they are being poisoned, that their partner is cheating on them, or that someone is watching them, even though they do not have any proof that these things are actually happening.

Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a mental health condition marked by a pattern of distrust and suspicion of others without adequate reason to be suspicious. People with PPD are always on guard, believing that others are constantly trying to demean, harm or threaten them.

What is paranoid personality disorder (PPD)?

Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a mental health condition marked by a long-term pattern of distrust and suspicion of others without adequate reason to be suspicious (paranoia). People with PPD often believe that others are trying to demean, harm or threaten them.

People with paranoid personality disorder often don’t think their behavior and way of thinking are problematic.

PPD is one of a group of conditions called Cluster A, or eccentric personality disorders. People with these disorders have unusual and eccentric thinking or behavior.

It’s important to note that people with paranoid personality disorder don’t experience delusions or hallucinations with paranoia, as commonly seen in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and severe manic episodes in bipolar disorder

What age does paranoid personality disorder begin?

People with paranoid personality disorder typically start experiencing symptoms and showing signs of the condition by their late teens or early adult years.

Who does paranoid personality disorder affect?

Overall, research reveals higher rates of paranoid personality disorder (PPD) in people assigned female at birth (AFAB), while samples from hospital records reveal higher rates of PPD in people assigned male at birth (AMAB).

People with PPD are more likely to:

  • Live in low-income households.
  • Be Black, Native American or Hispanic.
  • Be widowed, divorced or separated or never married.

More research is needed to learn more about why these risk factors are associated with PPD and how stress and trauma play a role in its development.

 Signs and Symptoms of paranoid personality disorder

People with paranoid personality disorder (PPD) are always on guard, believing that others are constantly trying to demean, harm or threaten them. These generally unfounded beliefs, as well as their habits of blame and distrust, interfere with their ability to form close or even workable relationships. People with PPD severely limit their social lives.

People with PPD may:

  • Doubt the commitment, loyalty or trustworthiness of others, believing others are exploiting or deceiving them.
  • Be reluctant to confide in others or reveal personal information because they’re afraid the information will be used against them.
  • Be unforgiving and hold grudges.
  • Be hypersensitive and take criticism poorly.
  • Read hidden meanings in the innocent remarks or casual looks of others.
  • Perceive attacks on their character that aren’t apparent to others.
  • Have persistent suspicions, without justified reason, that their spouses or romantic partners are being unfaithful.
  • Be cold and distant in their relationships with others and might become controlling and jealous to avoid being betrayed.
  • Not see their role in problems or conflicts, believing they’re always right.
  • Have difficulty relaxing.
  • Be hostile, stubborn and argumentative.

Causes

Scientists don’t know the exact cause of paranoid personality disorder (PPD), but it likely involves a combination of environmental and biological factors.

Researchers have found that childhood emotional neglect, physical neglect and supervision neglect play a significant role in the development of PPD in adolescence and early adulthood.

Researchers used to think there was likely a genetic link among schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder and PPD, but more studies have revealed that this connection isn’t as strong as they once thought.

Are other medical conditions associated with paranoid personality disorder?

Yes, approximately 75% of people with paranoid personality disorder (PPD) have another personality disorder. The most common personality disorders to co-occur with PPD include:

People with PPD are also more likely to have substance use disorder and panic disorder .

TREATMENT

The prognosis (outlook) for paranoid personality disorder (PPD) typically depends on whether someone with PPD is willing to accept and commit to treatment. Talk therapy can sometimes reduce paranoia and limit its impact on daily functioning.

Left untreated, PPD can interfere with a person’s ability to form and maintain relationships, as well as their ability to function socially and in work situations. People with PPD are more likely to stop working earlier in their lives than people without personality disorders.

In addition, PPD is one of the strongest predictors of aggressive behavior in a hospital setting. PPD is also associated with stalking and excessive litigation (lawsuits).

CONCLUSION

Though you fear for everything and this might disturb your relationships too.

The right way is to accept and acknowledge and seek out for help when mind is occupied and heavy with all of these thoughts.

No, matter what happens those who love and care for you ,will always find ways to be with you ,just try for them and if Paranoia blur the TRUST ,just be practical and try matching the words with action,if it matches then go for it otherwise try to get their point of view ,try rationalising your thoughts with the help of mental health expert. People are difficult but there are always some people out there who deserves your trust and love,just stay close to them.

-by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY SOMETIMES SIBLINGS ARE IRRITATING AND WHO FIGHTS MORE BROTHERS OR SISTERS?

Either it’s Tom and Jerry’s unending rivalry that exists as sweet and sour relationship or in real life it’s SIBLINGS. It’s a relatable story when you got a slap from your sibling and you hit them with a punch back and booooooom , The WAR BEGINS. Though it looks very cute but sometimes it becomes headache to parents as well as stress in Siblings. So , let’s just find out with me , WHY SIBLINGS ARE IRRITATING FIGHTERS and What is that we call, as ” Sibling Rivalry”….

SIBLING RIVALRY

Sibling rivalry is a conflict between brothers and sisters that go beyond simple disagreements between two or more parties because of individual differences and different opinions on a subject. Starting from as early as the birth of the second child, sibling rivalry usually involves jealousy and competition between siblings which can show up as fighting on a frequent or routine basis. It is usually frustrating and stressful for parents who do not understand human psychology or the basis behind relationship conflicts. They are often at a loss as to how to respond to the ongoing conflict between their children

WHAT CAUSES SIBLING RIVALRY

Since sibling rivalry often shows up from early childhood, the following forms of sibling rivalry behaviour are often displayed in response to each other:

  • name-calling,
  • blaming,
  • poking,
  • stealing things,
  • lying,
  • challenging a belief,
  • arguing,
  • simply looking at each other (with the intent of intimidation)
  • tattling,
  • breaking something that belongs to the other one,
  • hitting,
  • throwing something at the other one,
  • hiding something that is important to the other person.

Reasons for Sibling Rivalry:

  • Birth order: for example, it is common that the oldest and youngest child often receive the most attention while the middle children often feel overlooked (eg. the oldest being celebrated by the parents or extended family as the first-born; the youngest being celebrated as the ‘baby’ of the family).
  • Spacing between the children: when spaced further apart, there is usually less competition; when spaced more closely, there tends to be more.
  • Temperamental differences: temperamentally easy babies tend to be liked more while more difficult ones are experienced as more annoying.
  • If parents choose as a favourite or respond differently to their children, this can also spur more jealousy and competition or intensify competition between them.
  • Gender: in some families, a child of one sex is preferred over the other.
  • Physical influences: children who share a room may argue more due to being in constant close proximity with each other; a child who received more attention due to an illness or physical disability may leave siblings feeling neglected or ignored.
  • Parenting style or approach: Children with very permissive and overly harsh parents tend to fight more –permissive parents may not operate with adequate rules so children feel they have to settle their conflicts by themselves without guidance; overly harsh parents who are strict or harsh tend to model aggression to their children to get their needs met. The best outcomes show up with parents who have acquired what has been described as the authoritative approach.
  • Age of the children: as children mature and reach later developmental stages, sibling rivalry tends to decrease.
  • Transitional times: sibling rivalry tends to intensify when there are changes in the family, eg. the birth of a new baby, when a baby becomes mobile, when a sibling goes off to school, when a sibling leaves the family for college or marriage, if there is a divorce or a remarriage. 


Why Sisters Fight

A new study reveals surprising insights into sibling conflicts

A new study, just published in the journal Evolutionary Psychological Science (Salmon and Hehman, 2021), was aimed at answering these questions. In the study, researchers Catherine A. Salmon and Jessica A. Hehman of the University of Redlands asked 364 young adults (262 women and 102 men) aged 17 to 30 about their relationships with their siblings. The volunteers reported on 573 siblings.

The following factors were assessed:

  • Was the volunteer male or female?
  • Was the sibling male or female?
  • Birth interval: How large was the absolute age difference between the volunteer and their sibling?
  • Co-residence: Whether or not the volunteer and their sibling lived together and from which age to which age?
  • Relatedness: Were the volunteer and their siblings’ full-siblings or half-siblings?

The scientists assessed sibling conflict by using the Sibling Issues Checklist, a questionnaire that includes a list of 20 potential sibling conflict issues.

The results

The study had several interesting findings.

Conflicts between siblings were predicted by gender of the subject, gender of the sibling, birth interval, duration of co-residence, and the degree of relatedness. A greater level of conflict was experienced by same-gender siblings, especially sisters; siblings close in age; siblings who have lived together longer; and full-siblings compared to half-siblings.

Prosocial behavior between siblings was only predicted by gender of the volunteer and relatedness, with women and full siblings reporting more prosocial behavior. This pattern of results suggests that sibling conflict and sibling cooperation may be somewhat independent of each other, as they are shaped by different sets of factors.

How to respond as parents?

Firstly, they have to desire for their children to get along or be positive or loving with each other in the family. Interventions can then be planned for. They can be preventative or when conflicts occur, facilitate to address the identified need or help resolve the conflict between the children. For example, understanding how the birth order could raise the possibility of jealousy between siblings, or the prospect of one child being favoured over another, the importance for each child to be valued and appreciated as unique is an important practice. Also, parents need to watch how they manage their own conflicts as their children view them as role models for life learning. At the same time, they can remain optimistic when they realize that some sibling rivalry is inevitable and that as children mature and learn ways to handle conflicts, the rivalry will usually subside. The younger they are, the more parents are called on to be a referee. Probably the most help needed to be directive with the children is 4 years or younger. Here are some useful strategies to help children manage their conflicts:

  • Communicate the basic message that includes:
  • Acknowledgement that they both want their way by arguing with each other rather than to cooperate.
  • Hitting each other, calling each other names or bullying is not going to work.
  • They both have needs in the situation and they have to find out how they can both be acknowledged and met but without fighting.
  • Find out how to do this by themselves of you will decide on their behalf in a way they may not like.
  • Establish rules for managing the conflict. 

Having rules in place is a way of communicating your family values. So the parent needs to decide what behaviours are important and what they wish to enforce. This is an effective preventive strategy.

  • Handling conflicts and anger
    “No hitting, use words to say what you are upset about.”
  • Family Values/morals
    “We treat each other with respect.”
  • Parents’ role when there is conflict
    “If I get involved, I will determine the outcome.”
  • Hurt or property is damaged
    “Whoever caused the hurt or damage must make amends.”
  • Personal possessions and boundaries
    “We don’t take someone else’s things without asking first.”
  • Complaining
    “No complaining to get someone in trouble; you can “tell” to get someone out of trouble.”  For example, a child telling his mother that his sibling just entered his room without permission.
  • Cooperation
    “Work it out between you two or if I get involved, neither of you might like what I decide.”

Conflict Resolution

Sibling rivalry highlights the need for children to be taught the skill of conflict resolution. When they are young, the parent will have to walk them through the whole process after each conflict. In time, they will be able to resolve their conflicts with their siblings and others on their own. In summary, this process involves each child learning to express his point of view and listening to the other child’s point of view, generating a number of possible solutions that work for each of them, choosing one solution, and trying it. It encourages listening for and the expression of feelings to understand each other to discern what they both need. In this practice, it fosters the development of the sense of mutuality, and promotes the practice of collaboration and cooperation. 

  • Use “fair fight” rules yourself.
    • Use cool off times to calm down first; then re-enter the situation.
    • Give second chances and opportunities to make amends.
    • Listening well: seek first to understand, then to be understood. In order to seek to understand, we must first learn to listen (Stephen Covey’s 5th habit of highly effective people).
  • Attitudes and additional strategies that help to encourage health sibling relationships:
  • Expect many episodes of sibling rivalry.
  • Treat your children as the unique individuals they are.
  • Do not show favouritism.
  • Stay calm and objective.
  • Recognizing the need is important in discussing ‘fairness.’
  • Don’t look for someone to blame or punish. Take personal responsibility to communicate well with each other.
  • Don’t get in long discussions about what happened (it can act as a reward for their arguments)
  • Establish basic relational rules: encourage communication, listening and understanding of feelings with empathy, taking turns.
  • Reinforce and remind them of a list of basic rules: “You can express your feelings to communicate clearly without having to be hurtful;” ”Use your words and not your fists;” “Speak to them in the way you would like to be spoken to.”
  • Encourage the children to solve their problems: be creative to find out “What would work for you both?”
  • Be aware of developmental stages: very young children find it hard to share as they need to have a sense of possession before they can share.
  • Don’t referee a fight if you don’t know what happened.
  • Do not allow your children to pit one parent against the other. Discuss privately and directly between parents if they disagree with a parenting decision made by the other.
  • Do not bemoan to the children that they “fight all the time” (or they will live up to this pronouncement).
  • Reward them verbally for their efforts at collaboration to promote a loving or positive connection between themselves. Valuing them verbally models for them to value each other. This also promotes both their self-esteem.

CONCLUSION

Remember ,there always lies that lovely bond between siblings which needs to be nurture timely. So, just love your siblings , do fight , irritate each other and then when tired ,have hugs and dinner together ☺️♥️🌟

–by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY SOME PEOPLE DOESN’T HAVE A BIT OF SYMPATHY OR KINDNESS AT ALL

Ted Bundy ,the infamous and Brutal Serial Killer

As Humans , Being Humane comes as a trait but we all have witnessed people that are neither humane nor having sympathy at all. But what if they enjoy others pain too and that becomes their trait of being inhumane. To fulfill their demonic intentions they go beyond cruelty. These all odd to the humane characteristics are of ,what we call as ,“Psychopaths“.

What Is a Psychopath?

Some infamous Serial Killers which were Psychopaths too.

Psychopathy, while not a clinical diagnosis, often refers to someone with antisocial personality disorder.

Psychopathy

Few psychology terms stir up confusion like “psychopath.” Even though it’s commonly (though incorrectly) used to describe someone who has a mental health condition, “psychopath” is not an official diagnosis. Instead, it’s an informal term often used for a condition called antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) does not list psychopathy as an official clinical diagnosis.

Since the term “psychopath” is not an official diagnosis, experts refer to the signs described under ASPD. According to Masand, some of the more common signs of ASPD can include:

  • behavior that conflicts with social norms
  • disregarding or violating the rights of others
  • inability to distinguish between right and wrong
  • difficulty with showing remorse or empathy
  • tendency to lie often
  • manipulating and hurting others
  • recurring problems with the law
  • general disregard toward safety and responsibility
  • expressing anger and arrogance on a regular basis

Other possible signs of ASPD include a tendency to engage in behavior that’s reckless, impulsive, or may lead to harmful consequences.

Masand says someone exhibiting this behavior may also:

  • lack deep emotional connections
  • have a superficial charm about them
  • be very aggressive
  • get very angry sometimes

Additionally, people with ASPD may not react as if they have hurt someone, and they may be impulsive or abusive and may lack remorse. In the case of ASPD, abusive doesn’t necessarily mean violent.

In addition to the signs and behaviors, Masand says there are certain characteristics that are more prevalent in people with ASPD:

  • ASPD is more common in men than women.
  • Technically, to receive an ASPD diagnosis, you have to be at least 18 years old.
  • But some children will show signs of conduct disorder, which may be an early indicator of ASPD.
  • ASPD is a chronic (long-term) condition that seems to improve with age, and remittance (no longer showing signs of antisocial behavior) is possible.
  • Mortality rates are higher in people with ASPD because of their behavior patterns.

Psychopath vs. sociopath

“Psychopath” and “sociopath” are often used interchangeably to informally describe someone with ASPD. Since sociopath is also not an official diagnosis, it typically joins psychopath under the umbrella diagnosis of ASPD. There is no clinical difference between the two terms.

Both psychopathy and sociopathy are other terms or ways to describe ASPD. The behaviors that are often seen in both tend to fall under the criteria of ASPD.

Causes of psychopathy

While the exact cause of ASPD is not known, researchers believe that its development may involve a combination of environmental and genetic factors.

More research needs to be done to understand the genetic aspects of ASPD. Previous research estimates that between 38 and 69 percent of cases may be hereditary.

Additionally, some of the environmental triggers of ASPD may include  childhood neglect and other adverse experiences, such as childhood abuse.

ASPD may also be seen in people who previously received a diagnosis of CD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

SOME INFAMOUS BRUTAL SERIAL KILLERS WITH PSYCHOPATHY

John Wayne Gacy Serial Killer

CONCLUSION

The word “psychopath” is often informally used to describe someone with ASPD.

ASPD is notthe same as being “antisocial.” It primarily involves behavior that conflicts with social norms, as well as a general lack of disregard for others.

Despite the complexities surrounding ASPD, a mental health professional may be able to identify this condition and offer treatment that can help.

No ,matter how much we try to be in our shell ,there are always some people peeping out for us and all we can do ,is to stay aware and alert.

No need to be afraid of everyone as Psychopaths might be there but Empaths are too , also if get it at initial stage , Psychopaths too can turn into normal human being via right approach and timely treatment.

–by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY SOME CHILDREN AREN’T ABLE TO READ AND WRITE WELL AND NO MATTER HOW MUCH THEY TRY , IT REMAINS AN OBSTACLE

This is quite common that we spot kids who face difficult times at reading and writing. Parents, Teachers and mostly everyone misunderstood them they don’t want to study or making excuses for the same. The fact is , they see the world of words differently and they certainly goes through a learning obstacle which we called as ,”Dyslexia“. So, let’s learn and discover more about it…..

What to know about dyslexia

Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that impairs a person’s ability to read and write.

Dyslexia involves the ways that the brain processes graphic symbols and the sounds of words. It commonly affects word recognition, spelling, and the ability to match letters to sounds.

While it is a neurological condition, dyslexia has no relation to intelligence.

Dyslexia is common. Some experts believe that 5–10% of people have it, while some others estimate that the prevalence is 17%.

Receiving a diagnosis, guidance, and support from an early age can help reduce the impact of the condition.

What is dyslexia?

Dyslexia affects the way that the brain processes written materials, making it more difficult to recognize, spell, and decode words.

The effects of dyslexia vary from person to person. People with the condition generally have trouble reading quickly and reading without making mistakes. They may also have trouble understanding what they read.

Dyslexia is a neurological issue, and it can run in families. It is not the result of poor teaching, instruction, or upbringing.

While it can be challenging, almost everyone with dyslexia can learn to read if they receive the right instruction.

Causes

Researchers are unsure why some people develop dyslexia.

There appears to be a genetic link, because dyslexia runs in families. Some researchers have associated changes in the DCDC2 gene with reading problems and dyslexia.

While the vast majority of people with dyslexia have it from birth, it is possible to acquire it, usually due to a brain injury or stroke.

A person’s native language can influence their experience of the condition. It may, for example, be easier for a person with mild-to-moderate dyslexia to learn a language with clear connections between the written form and its sounds and with consistent grammar rules — such as Italian or Spanish.

Languages with words that have unclear connections between the written forms and their sounds — such as “cough” and “dough” in English — can be more challenging for a person with dyslexia.

Types

There are currently no official diagnostic “types” of dyslexia, though researchers are looking into the groups of symptoms that some people experience.There are currently no official diagnostic “types” of dyslexia, though researchers are looking into the groups of symptoms that some people experience.

Managing dyslexia

There is no cure for dyslexia, but a range of approaches can help make daily tasks much easier.

Dyslexia affects each person differently, and most people find ways to accommodate their learning differences and thrive.

Receiving a diagnosis and support early in life can have long-term benefits. Managing dyslexia in children may involve:

  • An evaluation of individual needs: This helps teachers develop a targeted program for the child.
  • Adapted learning tools: Children with dyslexia may benefit from learning tools that tap into their senses, such as touch, vision, and hearing.
  • Guidance and support: Counseling can help minimize any effects on self-esteem. Other forms of support may involve, for example, granting extra time on exams.
  • Ongoing evaluation: Adults with dyslexia may benefit from help with developing evolving coping strategies and identifying areas in which they would benefit from more support.

Adults and children

The symptoms of dyslexia change with age. Below, learn how the condition presents at different stages of life.

Before children enter school, they may show:

  • delayed speech and vocabulary development
  • difficulties in forming and choosing words, for example, by mixing up words with similar sounds
  • problems retaining information, such as numbers, the alphabet, and the names of colors

When children are school-aged, they may:

  • have a low reading level for their age group
  • have difficulties processing information and remembering sequences
  • have trouble processing the sounds of unfamiliar words
  • take longer with reading and writing
  • avoid tasks that involve reading

Teens and adults may:

  • have difficulty reading aloud
  • take longer to read and write
  • have trouble with spelling
  • mispronounce words
  • have trouble recalling words for particular objects or topics
  • have difficulties learning another language, memorizing text, and doing math
  • find it hard to summarize a story

CONCLUSION

There are lot of eminent personalities who had Dyslexia and that couldn’t stop them from being a Genius , this includes

Salma Hayek, Keira Knightley and Tom Cruise are some of Hollywood’s brightest stars – and they have dyslexia. Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, Leonardo da Vinci, and Pablo Picasso possessed some of the greatest minds and talents in history and they were dyslexic.

Successful entrepreneurs like Richard Branson and Steve Jobs made use of their dyslexic brains to build billion-dollar companies, and George Washington, Abraham Lincoln and JFK left an indelible mark on history as presidents of the United States of America, regardless of their spelling ability.

No matter where you go in the world, you will find dyslexic individuals who have achieved success, despite experiencing early difficulties with reading and writing.

That’s because dyslexia is not a disability, rather it is a different way of processing language in the brain. It also comes with positives, such as enhanced creativity, an ability to see the big picture, and a facility of bringing together material from different subject-areas, which translates into keen problem-solving skills.

– By Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)

WHY SOME SUICIDES ARE CONSIDERED AND EVEN GOVT HELPS YOU TO DO IT

Though Suicides in a standard scenerio considered as an offense, unethical and it is painful to the people who loves and care about us ,after someone did it, it becomes difficult to move on in life with this truth, we try our best to save them from attempting or doing it. But what if,I tell you it’s legal in some conditions to take the decision for suicide and govt help in the same. This is called “Euthanasia“.This topic is suggested by my cousin,“Vishal” ,so, let’s find out more on this.

What are Euthanasia and assisted suicide?

Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide refer to a deliberate action taken with the intention of ending a life to relieve persistent pain.

In most countries, euthanasia is against the law and may carry a jail sentence. In the United States, the law varies between states.In India it has been legalised recently.

Euthanasia has long been a controversial and emotive topic.

Euthanasia and assisted suicide

a doctor holding a patient's hand

Euthanasia: A doctor is allowed by law to end a person’s life by a painless means, as long as the person and their family agree.

Assisted suicide: A doctor assists an individual in taking their own life if the person requests it.

Voluntary and involuntary euthanasia

Euthanasia may be voluntary or involuntary.

Voluntary: When euthanasia is conducted with consent. Voluntary euthanasia is currently legal in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and New Zealand. It is also legal in the U.S. states of Oregon, Washington D.C., Hawaii, Washington, Maine, Colorado, New Jersey, California, and Vermont. In India Passive Euthanasia is legal under strict guidelines and rules.

Non-voluntary: When euthanasia is conducted on a person who is unable to consent due to their current health condition. In this situation, the decision is made by another appropriate person, on behalf of the individual, based on their quality of life.

Involuntary: When euthanasia is performed on a person who would be able to provide informed consent, but does not, either because they do not want to die, or because they were not asked. This is called murder, as it’s often against the person’s will.

Passive and active euthanasia

There are two procedural classifications of euthanasia:

Passive euthanasia is when life-sustaining treatments are withheld. The definitions are not precise. If a doctor prescribes increasing doses of strong pain-management medications, such as opioids, this may eventually be toxic for the individual. Some may argue that this is passive euthanasia.

Others, however, would say this is not euthanasia, because there is no intention to take life.

Active euthanasia is when someone uses lethal substances or forces to end the person’s life, whether by the individual themself or somebody else.

Active euthanasia is more controversial, and it is more likely to involve religious, moral, ethical, and compassionate arguments.

History

One argument against euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide is the Hippocratic Oath, dating back some 2,500 years. All doctors take this oath.

The Hippocratic Oath

The original oath included, among other things, the following words:

“I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect.”

There are variations of the modern oath.

One states:

“If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty.”

As the world has changed since the time of Hippocrates, some feel that the original oath is outdated. In some countries, an updated version is used, while in others, for example, in Pakistan, doctors still adhere to the original.

As more treatments become available, for example, the possibility of extending life, whatever its quality, is an increasingly complex issue.

How many people die each year?

In countries where euthanasia or assisted suicide are legal, they are responsible for between 0.3 and 4.6%  of deaths, over 70% of which are linked to cancer. In Oregon and Washington states, fewer than 1% of physicians write prescriptions that will assist suicide each year.In India data is still in line.

CONCLUSION

It has been a moral dilemma for doctors and even all health care workers,and for all those who are involved including everyone ,how to end a life, even someone’s want it. The answer lies in the hope and sometimes Miracle do happen, but waiting for the miracle to happen doesn’t add up in suffering that has to be considered. Stay besides your loved ones like constant shadows of care and love, that’s what I can sum up.

–by Cheenu Singh Sisodiya

(Psychologist)